Perbedaan Simple Past dan Past Progressive & Perbedaan Simple Past Tense dan Present Perfect Tense

Perbedaan Simple Past dan Past Progressive

The simple past talks about something that happened before. It happened and it finished. Some words are regular and just have -ed added at the end like walked, helped, and played. Others are irregular and have many variations like ate, began, and slept. 

The past progressive talks about something that was happening before, but for a period of time. It uses was orwere + verb-ing like was eating or were playing. It gives a background for something that was happening while a different event happened. 

Example: While I was eating, the telephone rang.

So, during the time I was eating (let's say from 6:30-7:00 p.m.) somebody called my house (let's say they called at 6:49p.m.) One thing happened (simple past) during the period of time another thing was happening (past progressive).

Here is another example: They saw an old man as they were walking down the street.

You can think of walking as a video. You see the movement. You see the time passing. Think of saw as a photo. It is one point of time. You don't think of the time passing. 

I dreamed in English when I was sleeping.
She was listening to the radio when the mail came.
They visited Sydney when they were traveling in Australia.

Perbedaan Simple Past Tense dan Present Perfect Tense

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
(+) S + HAVE/ HAS + VERB 3 + O
Yuwono has bought car
(-) S + HAVE/ HAS + NOT + VERB 3 + O
Yuwono has not bought car
(?) HAVE/HAS + S + V3 + O?
Has Yuwono bought car
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(+)S + VERB 2 + O + ADVERB OF TIME (keterangan waktu)
Beni went to Jogja yesterday
(-)S + DID + NOT + V1 + O +ADVERB OF TIME
Beni did not go to Jogja yesterday
(?)DID + S + V 1 + O + ADVERB OF TIME
Did Beni go to Jogja yesterday?
Secara rumus, memang penyusunan kalimat present perfect tense dan simple past tense sangat berbeda, jika dalam present perfect tense kita menggunakan Verb 3 (kata kerja bentuk ketiga), sedangkan dalam simple past tense kita menggunakan Verb 2 (kata kerja bentuk kedua).
sedangkan maknanya, jika kalimat ini diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, kalimat yang mempunyai bentuk tenses present perfect tense dan simple present tense mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu: sudah atau telah.
Contoh:
I have eaten bread : saya telah makan nasi
I ate bread yesterday: saya telah makan nasi kemarin
Terkadang kita bingung kapan kita kita harus menggunakan simple present tense, kapan kita menggunakan simple past tense. Jika ingin membuat suatu kalimat yang kita tidak tahu atau tidak disertai dengan keterangan waktu maka kita menyusunnya menggunakan bentuk present perfect tense, sedangkan jika kita mengetahui keterangan waktunya, maka kita menggunakan simple past tense.
Jadi, perbedaan antara present perfect tense dan simple past tense hanya penggunaan keterangan waktu saja.present perfect tense tidak ada keterangan waktu secara jelas. sedangkan simple past tense, ada keterangan waktu lampau yang jelas. 

Daftar Pustaka

http://id.shvoong.com/writing-and-speaking/presenting/2103555-perbedaan-present-perfect-tense-dan/
http://www.5minuteenglish.com/mar10.htm